现在网站对安全性要求越来越高，很多浏览器与搜索引擎也引导网站使用https，google、apple等公司很多地方也要求使用https协议。
https是个趋势，今天就来尝试用Let's Encrypt提供的免费证书来支持https。
1.使用环境
系统：Debian
WEB：nginx
2.安装certbot
apt-get install certbot
3.运行certbot
仅生产证书命令certbot certonly
如果是要自动配置可以输入certbot certonly --nginx
或者自动：certbot --nginx
执行命令后，一路选择/输入配置，直到生产证书。大概分为
- 选择验证的方式。 1为启动一个临时的web服务，2为在当前web根目录放置一个文件。下面例子选择2
- 阅读协议，并同意。 A为同意，C为取消。下面例子选择A同意
- 接收电子邮件。 Y为是，N为否。下面例子选择N
- 输入要加入的域名，多个可以逗号或空格隔开。
- 输入各域名的web根目录。
- 证书生成完成。文件放在
/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/目录
root@XXXXXX:~# certbot certonly
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
How would you like to authenticate with the ACME CA?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: Spin up a temporary webserver (standalone)
2: Place files in webroot directory (webroot)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Plugins selected: Authenticator webroot, Installer None
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): youremail@gmail.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: N
Please enter in your domain name(s) (comma and/or space separated) (Enter 'c'
to cancel): yourdomain.com pz.yourdomain.com api.yourdomain.com admin.yourdomain.com
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for admin.yourdomain.com
http-01 challenge for api.yourdomain.com
http-01 challenge for yourdomain.com
http-01 challenge for pz.yourdomain.com
Input the webroot for admin.yourdomain.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel): /var/www/html
Select the webroot for api.yourdomain.com:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: Enter a new webroot
2: /var/www/html
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Select the webroot for yourdomain.com:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: Enter a new webroot
2: /var/www/html
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): /usr/share/nginx/html/yourdomain.com/react-front/build
** Invalid input **
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 1
Input the webroot for yourdomain.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel): /usr/share/nginx/html/yourdomain.com/react-front/build
Select the webroot for pz.yourdomain.com:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: Enter a new webroot
2: /usr/share/nginx/html/yourdomain.com/react-front/build
3: /var/www/html
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-3] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 1
Input the webroot for pz.yourdomain.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel): /var/www/html/pz.yourdomain.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2020-06-26. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"certbot renew"
- Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
root@XXXXXX:~#
root@XXXXXX:~#
root@XXXXXX:~#
4.配置nginx
打开所属域名的conf文件，添加如下：
server {
# 使用http协议访问时自动重定向到https
if ($scheme = http) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
listen 80;
# 打开443端口监听
listen 443 ssl;
server_name yourdomain.com;
root /usr/share/nginx/html/;
index index.html index.htm;
# 配置证书路径
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location ^~ /assets/ {
gzip_static on;
expires max;
add_header Cache-Control public;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
client_max_body_size 20M;
keepalive_timeout 10;
}
5.好了
尽情玩耍吧
6.更新
3个月后，过期了吧，hhhhhh ~
更新命令
certbot renew # 更新
nginx -s reload # 重启nginx示例：
root@XXXXXX:/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com# certbot renew
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/yourdomain.com.conf
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cert is due for renewal, auto-renewing...
Plugins selected: Authenticator webroot, Installer None
Renewing an existing certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for admin.yourdomain.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
new certificate deployed without reload, fullchain is
/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations, all renewals succeeded. The following certs have been renewed:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem (success)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
root@XXXXXX:/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com#
root@XXXXXX:/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com#
root@XXXXXX:/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com#
root@XXXXXX:/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com# nginx -s reload如出现以下 错误提示 ，说明你可能修改过解析端口
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- The following errors were reported by the server:
Domain: xx.yourdomain.com
Type: unauthorized
Detail: 1xx.1xx.1xx.1xx: Invalid response from
https://xx.yourdomain.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/z4fdsafd2BathtAVzkGS5fvYVt_zB3afds4q-dE-L1fdHNwg:
404
To fix these errors, please make sure that your domain name was
entered correctly and the DNS A/AAAA record(s) for that domain
contain(s) the right IP address.
解决方法，以nginx为例：
添加规则
server{
location '/.well-known/acme-challenge'{
root /var/www/html/xx.yourdomain.com;
}
}
7.新增域名
在已生产的情况下，新增一个域名，流程跟步骤3类似
下面以one.yourdomain.com为例：
root@XXXXXX:/var/www/html# certbot certonly -d one.yourdomain.com --expand
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
How would you like to authenticate with the ACME CA?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: Spin up a temporary webserver (standalone)
2: Place files in webroot directory (webroot)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Plugins selected: Authenticator webroot, Installer None
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for one.yourdomain.com
Input the webroot for one.yourdomain.com: (Enter 'c' to cancel): /var/www/html/one.yourdomain.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/one.yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/one.yourdomain.com/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2021-04-19. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"certbot renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
root@XXXXXX:/var/www/html# 之后的nginx配置流程跟步骤4类似
8.常用命令
# 查看当前证书
certbot certificates
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